Preliminary Study on the Improvement Effects of Astragaloside Ⅳ on Allergic Rhinitis Model Mice / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To preliminarily s tudy the potential mechanism of astragaloside Ⅳ on allergic rhinitis （AR）model mice. METHODS ：C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into blank group ，model group and astragaloside Ⅳ group，with 10 mice in each group. Except for blank group ，AR model was prepared by sensitization and challenge with ovalbumin on day 0，7，14 and 21-27. Astragaloside Ⅳ group was given astragaloside Ⅳ 40 mg/kg intraperitoneally at the dose of 0.02 mL/g on the 15th to 27th day of modeling （given the drug 1 h before challenge sensitization on the 21st to 27th day ）. Blank group and model group were given constant volume of normal saline intraperitoneally ，once a day. Twenty-four hours after sensitization from the last challenge ， the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the nasal mucosa of each group was observed ，and the contents of interleukin 4（IL-4）， IL-5 and interferon gamma （IFN-γ）in the nasal lavage fluid were measured. The levels of reactive oxygen species （ROS），and the count of phosphorylated Janus kinase 2（p-JAK2）and phosphorylation signal transduction and activation of transcription protein 6 （p-STAT6）positive cells in the nasal mucosa and spleen as well as the phosphorylation levels of JAK 2 and STAT 6 proteins in spleen tissue （i.e. p-JAK 2/JAK2 ratio，p-STAT6/STAT6 ratio）were also determined. RESULTS ：Compared with blank group ，the number of inflammatory cells in the nasal mucosa （eosinophils and mast cells ）in the model group ，the contents of IL- 4 and IL- 5 in the nasal lavage fluid ，and the levels of ROS in the nasal mucosa and spleen tissues in the model group ，the count of p-JAK 2 and p-STAT 6 positive cells increased significantly ，the p-JAK2/JAK2 ratio，p-STAT6/STAT6 ratio in the spleen tissue were significantly increased （P＜0.05），and the content of INF-γ in the nasal lavage fluid was significantly decreased（P＜0.05）. Compared with model group ，the count of inflammatory cells infiltrated in the nasal mucosa ，the contents of IL- 4 and IL- 5 in the nasal cavity lavage fluid ，the level of ROS and the number of p-JAK 2 and p-STAT 6 positive cellsin the nasal mucosa and spleen tissue as well as the p-JAK2/JAK2 ratio and p-STAT 6/STAT6 ratio in spleen tissue were decreased significantly （P＜0.05），and the content of INF-γ in nasal lavage fluid was significantly increased（P＜0.05）. CO NCLUSIONS：Astragaloside Ⅳ can effectively improve the inflammatory response in AR model mice ，the mechanism of which may be related to down-regulation of JAK2/STAT6 signaling pathway and ROS level.

The study between temporal bone HRCT and operations in congenital abnormality of external and middle ear / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#We explore the deformity degrees of external ear, mastoid process, tympanic cavity and auditory ossicle by the HRCT features of bilateral and unilateral patients of congenital abnormality of external and middle ear for preoperative analysis and selection for surgical approaches.@*METHOD@#Twenty-nine patients were enrolled in our study, and HRCT were performed on all patients. There were 23 unilateral ears deformity (13 right and 10 left), 6 patients with bilateral ears deformity in the study group. Nineteen patients (19 ears) were treated with operations.@*RESULT@#The deformity degree of auricle was correlated with that of external auditory meatus, and mastoid process develops bad aeration extent with bad tympanic cavity development in 35 ears in our research. We got data of shortest distance from tympanic cape to atresia board in HRCT, (0.59 +/- 0.13)cm in comparison group, (0.45 +/- 0.19)cm in unilateral deformity group, (0.32 +/- 0.12)cm in bilateral deformity group, and there were significant differences compared the two deformity groups with the comparison group. There were 1 ear with normal auditory ossicle (2.86%), 5 ears with fixation of stapes foot board (14.29%), 3 ears with no auditory ossicle (8.57%); 26 ears with malleus and incus abnormality (74.29%). Abnormality of malleus was always concomitant with that of incus. Degeneration of malleus, the joint amalgamation of malleus and incus were discovered mostly in this research.@*CONCLUSION@#The deformity degree of auricle is correlated with that of external auditory meatus, and mastoid process develops bad aeration extent with bad tympanic cavity development in 35 ears in our research. The shortest distance from tympanic cape to atresia board in HRCT in unilateral ears deformity group are shorten 0.15 cm in that of comparison group. And that of bilateral ears deformity group are shorten 0.25 cm in that of comparison group. The main abnormality of auditory ossicle in our research present in both malleus and incus, and degeneration of malleus and the joint amalgamation of malleus and incus are main types.

A study on the production and the clinical application of Nickel\|Titanium alloys stent implanted in tracheostome after total laryngectomy / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

Objective:In order to prevent tracheostomal stenosis (TSS) instead of laryngectomy cannulas after total laryngectomy, Nickel\|Titanium shape memory alloys(NI\|SMA) stents in tracheostome were produced and applicated in clinic. Methods: The diameter of NI-SMA is 0.8mm, and Ni 50%, Ti 50%. The shape of the Ni\|SMA stent is the two\|threeth of circumference and its diameters are 18mm, 19.5mm, 21mm. The stents were implanted between the first and the second tracheal cartilage ring of the stump in twenty\|two patients with advanced laryngeal carcinoma or hypopharyngeal carcinoma or esophagul carcinoma in neck. All the patients were free of laryngectomy cannulas after operation. Results: Nieteen patients healed at one stage. Infections after operation were seen in three cases. Eight patients received radiotherapy after total laryngectomy. The NT\|SMA stent did not influence radiotherapy after operation. The TSS occured in six of the patients. A simple procedure named “doughnut” for widening stenosis was performed successfully with an electric cautery knife in all the patients with tracheostomal stenosis after operation. Conclusions: The results suggested that the NT\|SMA stents can prevent from traheostenosis instead of metal laryngectomy cannulas after total laryngectomy.